Component Overview

Retrieving Connections

$ connections = $manager->getConnections();
foreach (connections as $connection) {
    echo $connection->getName() . "";
}

The Doctrine_Manager implements an iterator so you can simple loop over the $manager variable to loop over the connections.

foreach ($manager as $connection) {
    echo $connection->getName() . "";
}

Available Drivers

Doctrine has drivers for every PDO-supported database. The supported databases are:

• FreeTDS / Microsoft SQL Server / Sybase
• Firebird/Interbase 6
• Informix
• Mysql
• Oracle
• Odbc
• PostgreSQL
• Sqlite

Creating Connections

// bootstrap.php
$ conn = Doctrine_Manager::connection('mysql://username:password@localhost/test', 'connection 1');

Flushing the Connection

When you create new User records you can flush the connection and save all un-saved objects for that connection. Below is an example:

$ conn = Doctrine_Manager::connection();

$ user1 = new User();
$ user1->username = 'Jack';

$ user2 = new User();
$ user2->username = 'jwage';

$ conn->flush();

Calling Doctrine_Connection::flush will save all unsaved record instances for that connection. You could of course optionally call save on each record instance and it would be the same thing.

$ user1->save();
$ user2->save();

Getting a Table Object

In order to get table object for specified record just call Doctrine_Record::getTable.

// test.php
$ accountTable = Doctrine_Core::getTable('Account');

Getting Column Information

You can retrieve the column definitions set in Doctrine_Record by using the appropriate Doctrine_Table methods. If you need all information of all columns you can simply use:

// test.php
$ columns = $accountTable->getColumns();

foreach ($columns as $column) {
    print_r($column);
}

The above example would output the following when executed:

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$ php test.php
Array (
    [type] => integer
    [length] => 20
    [autoincrement] => 1
    [primary] => 1
)
Array (
    [type] => string
    [length] => 255
)
Array (
    [type] => decimal
    [length] => 18
)
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Sometimes this can be an overkill. The following example shows how to retrieve the column names as an array:

// test.php
$ names = $accountTable->getColumnNames();
print_r($names);

The above example would output the following when executed:

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$ php test.php
Array (
    [0] => id
    [1] => name
    [2] => amount
)
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5
6

Getting Relation Information

You can also get an array of all the Doctrine_Relation objects by simply calling Doctrine_Table::getRelations like the following:

// test.php
$ userTable = Doctrine_Core::getTable('User');
$ relations = $userTable->getRelations();
foreach ($relations as $name => $relation) {
    echo $name . ":\n";
    echo "Local - " . $relation->getLocal() . "\n";
    echo "Foreign - " .    $relation->getForeign() . "\n\n";
}

The above example would output the following when executed:

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$ php test.php
Email:
Local - id
Foreign - user_id

Phonenumbers:
Local - id
Foreign - user_id

Groups:
Local - user_id
Foreign - group_id

Friends:
Local - user1
Foreign - user2

Addresses:
Local - id
Foreign - user_id

Threads:
Local - id
Foreign - user_id
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You can get the Doctrine_Relation object for an individual relationship by using the Doctrine_Table::getRelation method.

// test.php
$ relation = $userTable->getRelation('Phonenumbers');

echo 'Name: ' . $relation['alias'] . "\n";
echo 'Local - ' . $relation['local'] . "\n";
echo 'Foreign - ' .  $relation['foreign'] . "\n";
echo 'Relation Class - ' . get_class($relation);

The above example would output the following when executed:

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$ php test.php
Name: Phonenumbers
Local - id
Foreign - user_id
Relation Class - Doctrine_Relation_ForeignKey
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You can debug all the information of a relationship by using the print_r to inspect it.

$ array = $relation->toArray();
print_r($array);

Finder Methods

Doctrine_Table provides basic finder methods. These finder methods are very fast to write and should be used if you only need to fetch data from one database table. If you need queries that use several components (database tables) use Doctrine_Connection::query.

You can easily find an individual user by its primary key by using the find method:

$ user = $userTable->find(2);
print_r($user->toArray());

The above example would output the following when executed:

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$ php test.php
Array (
    [id] => 2
    [is_active] => 1
    [is_super_admin] => 0
    [first_name] =>
    [last_name] =>
    [username] => jwage
    [password] =>
    [type] =>
    [created_at] => 2009-01-21 13:29:12
    [updated_at] => 2009-01-21 13:29:12
)
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You can also use the findAll method to retrieve a collection of all User records in the database:

foreach ($userTable->findAll() as $user) {
    echo $user->username . "\n";
}

The above example would output the following when executed:

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$ php test.php
Jack
jwage
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3

You can also retrieve a set of records with a DQL where condition by using the findByDql method:

$ users = $userTable->findByDql('username LIKE ?', '%jw%');

foreach($users as $user) {
    echo $user->username . "";
}

The above example would output the following when executed:

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$ php test.php
jwage
2

Doctrine also offers some additional magic finder methods that can be read about in the [doc dql-doctrine-query-language:magic-finders :name] section of the DQL chapter.

// models/UserTable.php
class UserTable extends Doctrine_Table
{
}

Custom Finders

You can add custom finder methods to your custom table object. These finder methods may use fast Doctrine_Table finder methods or [doc dql-doctrine-query-language DQL API] (Doctrine_Query::create).

// models/UserTable.php
class UserTable extends Doctrine_Table
{
    public function findByName($name)
    {
        return Doctrine_Query::create()
                ->from('User u')
                ->where('u.name LIKE ?', "%$name%")
                ->execute();
    }
}

Doctrine will check if a child Doctrine_Table class called UserTable exists when calling getTable and if it does, it will return an instance of that instead of the default Doctrine_Table.

// boostrap.php
// ...
$ manager->setAttribute(Doctrine_Core::ATTR_AUTOLOAD_TABLE_CLASSES, true);

Now when we ask for the User table object we will get the following:

$ userTable = Doctrine_Core::getTable('User');

echo get_class($userTable); // UserTable

$ users = $userTable->findByName("Jack");

Properties

Each assigned column property of Doctrine_Record represents a database table column. You will learn more about how to define your models in the Defining Models chapter.

Now accessing the columns is easy:

// test.php
$ userTable = Doctrine_Core::getTable('User');
$ user = $userTable->find(1);

• Access property through overloading:

  // ...
  echo $user->username;

• Access property with get():

  // ...
  echo $user->get('username);

• Access property with ArrayAccess:

  // ...
  echo $user['username'];

Iterating through the properties of a record can be done in similar way as iterating through an array - by using the foreach construct. This is possible since Doctrine_Record implements a magic IteratorAggregate interface.

foreach ($user as $field => $value) {
    echo $field . ': ' . $value . "";
}

As with arrays you can use the isset for checking if given property exists and unset for setting given property to null.

We can easily check if a property named 'name' exists in a if conditional:

if (isset($user['username'])) {
}

If we want to unset the name property we can do it using the unset function in php:

unset($user['username']);

When you have set values for record properties you can get an array of the modified fields and values using Doctrine_Record::getModified:

// test.php
$ user['username'] = 'Jack Daniels';
print_r($user->getModified());

The above example would output the following when executed:

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$ php test.php
Array (
    [username] => Jack Daniels
)
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You can also simply check if a record is modified by using the Doctrine_Record::isModified method:

echo $user->isModified() ? 'Modified' : 'Not Modified';

Sometimes you may want to retrieve the column count of given record. In order to do this you can simply pass the record as an argument for the Doctrine_Record implements a magic Countable interface. The other way would be calling the count method.

echo $record->count();
echo count($record);

Doctrine_Record offers a special method for accessing the identifier of given record. This method is called identifier and it returns an array with identifier field names as keys and values as the associated property values.

$ user['username'] = 'Jack Daniels';
$ user->save();

print_r($user->identifier()); // array('id' => 1)

A common case is that you have an array of values which you need to assign to a given record. It may feel awkward and clumsy to set these values separately. No need to worry though, Doctrine_Record offers a way for merging a given array or record to another

The merge method iterates through the properties of the given record or array and assigns the values to the object

$ values = array(
    'username' => 'someone',
    'age' => 11,
);

$ user->merge($values);

echo $user->username; // someone
echo $user->age; // 11

You can also merge a one records values in to another like the following:

$ user1 = new User();
$ user1->username = 'jwage';

$ user2 = new User();
$ user2->merge($user1);

echo $user2->username; // jwage

Updating Records

Updating objects is very easy, you just call the Doctrine_Record::save method. The other way is to call Doctrine_Connection::flush which saves all objects. It should be noted though that flushing is a much heavier operation than just calling save method.

$ userTable = Doctrine_Core::getTable('User');
$ user = $userTable->find(2);

if ($user !== false) {
    $user->username = 'Jack Daniels';
    $user->save();
}

Sometimes you may want to do a direct update. In direct update the objects aren't loaded from database, rather the state of the database is directly updated. In the following example we use DQL UPDATE statement to update all users.

Run a query to make all user names lowercase:

$ q = Doctrine_Query::create()
        ->update('User u')
        ->set('u.username', 'LOWER(u.name)');

$ q->execute();

You can also run an update using objects if you already know the identifier of the record. When you use the Doctrine_Record::assignIdentifier method it sets the record identifier and changes the state so that calling Doctrine_Record::save performs an update instead of insert.

$ user = new User();
$ user->assignIdentifier(1);
$ user->username = 'jwage';
$ user->save();

Replacing Records

Replacing records is simple. If you instantiate a new object and save it and then late instantiate another new object with the same primary key or unique index value which already exists in the database, then it will replace/update that row in the database instead of inserting a new one. Below is an example.

First, imagine a User model where username is a unique index.

// test.php
$ user = new User();
$ user->username = 'jwage';
$ user->password = 'changeme';
$ user->save();

Issues the following query

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INSERT INTO user
    (username, password)
VALUES
    (?, ?),
    ('jwage', 'changeme')
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Now lets create another new object and set the same username but a different password.

$ user = new User();
$ user->username = 'jwage';
$ user->password = 'newpassword';
$ user->replace();

Issues the following query

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REPLACE INTO user
    (id, username, password)
VALUES
    (?, ?, ?),
    (null, 'jwage', 'newpassword')
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The record is replaced/updated instead of a new one being inserted

Refreshing Records

Sometimes you may want to refresh your record with data from the database, use Doctrine_Record::refresh.

$ user = Doctrine_Core::getTable('User')->find(2);
$ user->username = 'New name';

Now if you use the Doctrine_Record::refresh method it will select the data from the database again and update the properties of the instance.

$ user->refresh();

Refreshing relationships

The Doctrine_Record::refresh method can also refresh the already loaded record relationships, but you need to specify them on the original query.

First lets retrieve a User with its associated Groups:

$ q = Doctrine_Query::create()
        ->from('User u')
        ->leftJoin('u.Groups')
        ->where('id = ?');

$ user = $q->fetchOne(array(1));

Now lets retrieve a Group with its associated Users:

$ q = Doctrine_Query::create()
        ->from('Group g')
        ->leftJoin('g.Users')
        ->where('id = ?');

$ group = $q->fetchOne(array(1));

Now lets link the retrieved User and Group through a UserGroup instance:

$ userGroup = new UserGroup();
$ userGroup->user_id = $user->id;
$ userGroup->group_id = $group->id;
$ userGroup->save();

You can also link a User to a Group in a much simpler way, by simply adding the Group to the User. Doctrine will take care of creating the UserGroup instance for you automatically:

$ user->Groups[] = $group;
$ user->save()

Now if we call Doctrine_Record::refresh(true) it will refresh the record and its relationships loading the newly created reference we made above:

$ user->refresh(true);
$ group->refresh(true);

You can also lazily refresh all defined relationships of a model using Doctrine_Record::refreshRelated:

$ user = Doctrine_Core::getTable('User')->findOneByName('jon');
$ user->refreshRelated();

If you want to refresh an individual specified relationship just pass the name of a relationship to the refreshRelated function and it will lazily load the relationship:

$ user->refreshRelated('Phonenumber');

Deleting Records

Deleting records in Doctrine is handled by Doctrine_Record::delete, Doctrine_Collection::delete and Doctrine_Connection::delete methods.

$ userTable = Doctrine_Core::getTable("User");

$ user = $userTable->find(2);

// deletes user and all related composite objects
if($user !== false) {
    $user->delete();
}

If you have a Doctrine_Collection of User records you can call delete and it will loop over all records calling Doctrine_Record::delete for you.

$ users = $userTable->findAll();

Now you can delete all users and their related composite objects by calling Doctrine_Collectiondelete. It will loop over all Users in the collection calling delete one each one:

$ users->delete();

Using Expression Values

There might be situations where you need to use SQL expressions as values of columns. This can be achieved by using Doctrine_Expression which converts portable DQL expressions to your native SQL expressions.

Lets say we have a class called event with columns timepoint(datetime) and name(string). Saving the record with the current timestamp can be achieved as follows:

// test.php
$ user = new User();
$ user->username = 'jwage';
$ user->updated_at = new Doctrine_Expression('NOW()');
$ user->save();

The above code would issue the following SQL query:

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INSERT INTO user (username, updated_at) VALUES ('jwage', NOW())

$ user->refresh();

Getting Record State

Every Doctrine_Record has a state. First of all records can be transient or persistent. Every record that is retrieved from database is persistent and every newly created record is considered transient. If a Doctrine_Record is retrieved from database but the only loaded property is its primary key, then this record has a state called proxy.

Every transient and persistent Doctrine_Record is either clean or dirty. Doctrine_Record is clean when none of its properties are changed and dirty when at least one of its properties has changed.

A record can also have a state called locked. In order to avoid infinite recursion in some rare circular reference cases Doctrine uses this state internally to indicate that a record is currently under a manipulation operation.

Below is a table containing all the different states a record can be in with a short description of it:

You can easily get the state of a record by using the Doctrine_Record::state method:

$ user = new User();

if ($user->state() == Doctrine_Record::STATE_TDIRTY) {
    echo 'Record is transient dirty';
}

$ account = new Account();

if ($account->state() == Doctrine_Record::STATE_TCLEAN) {
    echo 'Record is transient clean';
}

Getting Object Copy

Sometimes you may want to get a copy of your object (a new object with all properties copied). Doctrine provides a simple method for this: Doctrine_Record::copy.

$ copy = $user->copy();

Notice that copying the record with copy returns a new record (state TDIRTY) with the values of the old record, and it copies the relations of that record. If you do not want to copy the relations too, you need to use copy(false).

Get a copy of user without the relations:

$ copy = $user->copy(false);

Using the PHP clone functionality simply uses this copy functionality internally:

$ copy = clone $user;

Saving a Blank Record

By default Doctrine doesn't execute when save is being called on an unmodified record. There might be situations where you want to force-insert the record even if it has not been modified. This can be achieved by assigning the state of the record to Doctrine_Record::STATE_TDIRTY:

$ user = new User();
$ user->state('TDIRTY');
$ user->save();

Mapping Custom Values

There might be situations where you want to map custom values to records. For example values that depend on some outer sources and you only want these values to be available at runtime not persisting those values into database. This can be achieved as follows:

$ user->mapValue('isRegistered', true);

$ user->isRegistered; // true

Serializing

Sometimes you may want to serialize your record objects (possibly for caching purposes):

$ string = serialize($user);

$ user = unserialize($string);

Checking Existence

Very commonly you'll need to know if given record exists in the database. You can use the exists method for checking if given record has a database row equivalent:

$ record = new User();

echo $record->exists() ? 'Exists' : 'Does Not Exist'; // Does Not Exist

$ record->username = 'someone'; $record->save();

echo $record->exists() ? 'Exists' : 'Does Not Exist'; // Exists

Function Callbacks for Columns

Doctrine_Record offers a way for attaching callback calls for column values. For example if you want to trim certain column, you can simply use:

$ record->call('trim', 'username');

Accessing Elements

You can access the elements of Doctrine_Collection with get methods or with ArrayAccess interface.

$ userTable = Doctrine_Core::getTable('User');
$ users = $userTable->findAll();

• Accessing elements with ArrayAccess interface:

  $ users[0]->username = "Jack Daniels";
  $ users[1]->username = "John Locke";

• Accessing elements with get:

  $ echo $users->get(1)->username;
  

Adding new Elements

When accessing single elements of the collection and those elements (records) don't exist Doctrine auto-adds them.

In the following example we fetch all users from database (there are 5) and then add couple of users in the collection.

As with PHP arrays the indexes start from zero.

// test.php
$ users = $userTable->findAll();

echo count($users); // 5

$ users[5]->username = "new user 1";
$ users[6]->username = "new user 2";

You could also optionally omit the 5 and 6 from the array index and it will automatically increment just as a PHP array would:

$ users[]->username = 'new user 3'; // key is 7
$ users[]->username = 'new user 4'; // key is 8

Getting Collection Count

The Doctrine_Collection::count method returns the number of elements currently in the collection:

$ users = $userTable->findAll();

echo $users->count();

Since Doctrine_Collection implements Countable interface a valid alternative for the previous example is to simply pass the collection as an argument for the count() function:

echo count($users);

Saving the Collection

Similar to Doctrine_Record the collection can be saved by calling the save gets called Doctrine issues save operations an all records and wraps the whole procedure in a transaction.

$ users = $userTable->findAll();

$ users[0]->username = 'Jack Daniels';
$ users[1]->username = 'John Locke';

$ users->save();

Deleting the Collection

Doctrine Collections can be deleted in very same way is Doctrine Records you just call delete method. As for all collections Doctrine knows how to perform single-shot-delete meaning it only performs one database query for the each collection.

For example if we have collection of users. When deleting the collection of users doctrine only performs one query for this whole transaction. The query would look something like:

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DELETE FROM user WHERE id IN (1, 2, 3, ... , N)

Key Mapping

Sometimes you may not want to use normal indexing for collection elements. For example in some cases mapping primary keys as collection keys might be useful. The following example demonstrates how this can be achieved.

• Map the id column:

  // test.php
  $ userTable = Doctrine_Core::getTable('User');
  $ userTable->setAttribute(Doctrine_Core::ATTR_COLL_KEY, 'id');

• Now user collections will use the values of id column as element indexes:

  $ users = $userTable->findAll();
  
  foreach($users as $id => $user) {
      echo $id . $user->username;
  }

• You may want to map the name column:

  $ userTable = Doctrine_Core::getTable('User');
  $ userTable->setAttribute(Doctrine_Core::ATTR_COLL_KEY, 'username');

• Now user collections will use the values of name column as element indexes:

  $ users = $userTable->findAll();
  
  foreach($users as $username => $user) {
      echo $username . ' - ' . $user->created_at . "";
  }

Loading Related Records

Doctrine provides means for efficiently retrieving all related records for all record elements. That means when you have for example a collection of users you can load all phonenumbers for all users by simple calling the loadRelated method.

However, in most cases you don't need to load related elements explicitly, rather what you should do is try to load everything at once by using the DQL API and JOINS.

The following example uses three queries for retrieving users, their phonenumbers and the groups they belong to.

$ q = Doctrine_Query::create()
        ->from('User u');

$ users = $q->execute();

Now lets load phonenumbers for all users:

$ users->loadRelated('Phonenumbers');

foreach($users as $user) {
    echo $user->Phonenumbers[0]->phonenumber;
    // no additional db queries needed here
}

The loadRelated works an any relation, even associations:

$ users->loadRelated('Groups');

foreach($users as $user) {
    echo $user->Groups[0]->name;
}

The example below shows how to do this more efficiently by using the DQL API.

Write a Doctrine_Query that loads everything in one query:

$ q = Doctrine_Query::create()
        ->from('User u')
        ->leftJoin('u.Phonenumbers p')
        ->leftJoin('u.Groups g');

$ users = $q->execute();

Now when we use the Phonenumbers and Groups no additional database queries are needed:

foreach($users as $user) {
    echo $user->Phonenumbers[0]->phonenumber;
    echo $user->Groups[0]->name;
}

More Validation

The type and length validations are handy but most of the time they're not enough. Therefore Doctrine provides some mechanisms that can be used to validate your data in more detail.

Validators are an easy way to specify further validations. Doctrine has a lot of predefined validators that are frequently needed such as email, country, ip, range and regexp validators. You find a full list of available validators in the [doc data-validation :name] chapter. You can specify which validators apply to which column through the 4th argument of the hasColumn method. If that is still not enough and you need some specialized validation that is not yet available as a predefined validator you have three options:

• You can write the validator on your own.
• You can propose your need for a new validator to a Doctrine developer.
• You can use validation hooks.

The first two options are advisable if it is likely that the validation is of general use and is potentially applicable in many situations. In that case it is a good idea to implement a new validator. However if the validation is special it is better to use hooks provided by Doctrine:

• validate (Executed every time the record gets validated)
• validateOnInsert (Executed when the record is new and gets validated)
• validateOnUpdate (Executed when the record is not new and gets validated)

If you need a special validation in your active record you can simply override one of these methods in your active record class (a descendant of Doctrine_Record). Within these methods you can use all the power of PHP to validate your fields. When a field does not pass your validation you can then add errors to the record's error stack. The following code snippet shows an example of how to define validators together with custom validation:

// models/User.php
class User extends BaseUser
{
    protected function validate()
    {
        if ($this->username == 'God') {
            // Blasphemy! Stop that! ;-)
            // syntax: add(, )
            $errorStack = $this->getErrorStack();
            $errorStack->add('name', 'You cannot use this username!');
        }
    }
}

// models/Email.php
class Email extends BaseEmail
{
    // ...

    public function setTableDefinition()
    {
        parent::setTableDefinition();

        // ...

        // validators 'email' and 'unique' used
        $this->hasColumn('address', 'string', 150, array('email', 'unique'));
    }
}

Here is the same example in YAML format. You can read more about YAML in the YAML Schema Files chapter:

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# schema.yml
Email:
  columns:
    address:
      type: string(150)
      email: true
      unique: true
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Valid or Not Valid

Now that you know how to specify your business rules in your models, it is time to look at how to deal with these rules in the rest of your application.

// test.php
$ user = new User();

try {
    $user->username = str_repeat('t', 256);
    $user->Email->address = "drink@@notvalid..";
    $user->save();
} catch(Doctrine_Validator_Exception $e) {
    $userErrors = $user->getErrorStack();
    $emailErrors = $user->Email->getErrorStack();

    foreach($userErrors as $fieldName => $errorCodes) {
        echo $fieldName . " - " . implode(', ', $errorCodes) . "\n";
    }
    foreach($emailErrors as $fieldName => $errorCodes) {
        echo $fieldName . " - " . implode(', ', $errorCodes) . "\n";
    }
}

// test.php
echo $user->getErrorStackAsString();

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Validation failed in class User

1 field had validation error:

* 1 validator failed on username (length)
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Basic Usage

Perhaps some of your pages is loading slowly. The following shows how to build a complete profiler report from the connection:

// test.php
$ time = 0;
foreach ($profiler as $event) {
    $time += $event->getElapsedSecs();

    printf(
        "%s %f\n%s\n",
        $event->getName(),
        $event->getElapsedSecs(),
        $event->getQuery()
    );

    $params = $event->getParams();
    if (!empty($params)) {
        print_r($params);
    }
}
echo "Total time: " . $time . "\n";

Optimistic Locking

The state/version of the object(s) is noted when the transaction begins. When the transaction finishes the noted state/version of the participating objects is compared to the current state/version. When the states/versions differ the objects have been modified by another transaction and the current transaction should fail. This approach is called 'optimistic' because it is assumed that it is unlikely that several users will participate in transactions on the same objects at the same time.

Pessimistic Locking

The objects that need to participate in the transaction are locked at the moment the user starts the transaction. No other user can start a transaction that operates on these objects while the locks are active. This ensures that the user who starts the transaction can be sure that no one else modifies the same objects until he has finished his work.

Doctrine's pessimistic offline locking capabilities can be used to control concurrency during actions or procedures that take several HTTP request and response cycles and/or a lot of time to complete.

Examples

The following code snippet demonstrates the use of Doctrine's pessimistic offline locking capabilities.

At the page where the lock is requested get a locking manager instance:

// test.php
$ lockingManager = new Doctrine_Locking_Manager_Pessimistic();

// test.php
$ user = Doctrine_Core::getTable('User')->find(1);

try {
    $lockingManager->releaseAgedLocks(300);
    $gotLock = $lockingManager->getLock($user, 'jwage');

    if ($gotLock){
        echo "Got lock!";
    } else {
        echo "Sorry, someone else is currently working on this record";
    }
} catch(Doctrine_Locking_Exception $dle) {
    echo $dle->getMessage(); // handle the error
}

At the page where the transaction finishes get a locking manager instance:

// test.php
$ user = Doctrine_Core::getTable('User')->find(1);

$ lockingManager = new Doctrine_Locking_Manager_Pessimistic();

try {
    if ($lockingManager->releaseLock($user, 'jwage')) {
        echo "Lock released";
    } else {
        echo "Record was not locked. No locks released.";
    }
} catch(Doctrine_Locking_Exception $dle) {
    echo $dle->getMessage(); // handle the error
}

Technical Details

The pessimistic offline locking manager stores the locks in the database (therefore 'offline'). The required locking table is automatically created when you try to instantiate an instance of the manager and the ATTR_CREATE_TABLES is set to TRUE. This behavior may change in the future to provide a centralized and consistent table creation procedure for installation purposes.

Using Views

Using views on your database using Doctrine is easy. We provide a nice Doctrine_View class which provides functionality for creating, dropping and executing views.

The Doctrine_View class integrates with the Doctrine_Query class by saving the SQL that would be executed by Doctrine_Query.

First lets create a new Doctrine_Query instance to work with:

$ q = Doctrine_Query::create()
        ->from('User u')
        ->leftJoin('u.Phonenumber p')
        ->limit(20);

Now lets create the Doctrine_View instance and pass it the Doctrine_Query instance as well as a name for identifying that database view:

$ view = new Doctrine_View($q, 'RetrieveUsersAndPhonenumbers');

Now we can easily create the view by using the Doctrine_View::create method:

try {
    $view->create();
} catch (Exception $e) {
}

Alternatively if you want to drop the database view you use the Doctrine_View::drop method:

try {
    $view->drop();
} catch (Exception $e) {
}

Using views are extremely easy. Just use the Doctrine_View::execute for executing the view and returning the results just as a normal Doctrine_Query object would:

$ users = $view->execute();

foreach ($users as $user) {
    print_r($us->toArray());
}