It is highly recommended that in a production environment you cache the transformation of a DQL query to its SQL counterpart. It doesn't make sense to do this parsing multiple times as it doesn't change unless you alter the DQL query.

This can be done by configuring the query cache implementation to use on your ORM configuration.

1 <?php
$cache = new \Symfony\Component\Cache\Adapter\PhpFilesAdapter('doctrine_queries');
$config = new \Doctrine\ORM\Configuration();
$config->setQueryCache($cache);
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Result Cache

The result cache can be used to cache the results of your queries so that we don't have to query the database again after the first time. You just need to configure the result cache implementation.

1 <?php
$cache = new \Symfony\Component\Cache\Adapter\PhpFilesAdapter(
    'doctrine_results',
    0,
    '/path/to/writable/directory'
);
$config = new \Doctrine\ORM\Configuration();
$config->setResultCache($cache);
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Now when you're executing DQL queries you can configure them to use the result cache.

1 <?php
$query = $em->createQuery('select u from \Entities\User u');
$query->enableResultCache();
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You can also configure an individual query to use a different result cache driver.

1 <?php
$cache = new \Symfony\Component\Cache\Adapter\PhpFilesAdapter(
    'doctrine_results',
    0,
    '/path/to/writable/directory'
);
$query->setResultCache($cache);
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Setting the result cache driver on the query will automatically enable the result cache for the query. If you want to disable it use disableResultCache().

1 <?php
$query->disableResultCache();
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If you want to set the time the cache has to live you can use the setResultCacheLifetime() method.

1 <?php
$query->setResultCacheLifetime(3600);
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The ID used to store the result set cache is a hash which is automatically generated for you if you don't set a custom ID yourself with the setResultCacheId() method.

1 <?php
$query->setResultCacheId('my_custom_id');
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You can also set the lifetime and cache ID by passing the values as the first and second argument to enableResultCache().

1 <?php
$query->enableResultCache(3600, 'my_custom_id');
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Metadata Cache

Your class metadata can be parsed from a few different sources like YAML, XML, Attributes, Annotations etc. Instead of parsing this information on each request we should cache it using one of the cache drivers.

Just like the query and result cache we need to configure it first.

1 <?php
$cache = \Symfony\Component\Cache\Adapter\PhpFilesAdapter(
    'doctrine_metadata',
    0,
    '/path/to/writable/directory'
);
$config = new \Doctrine\ORM\Configuration();
$config->setMetadataCache($cache);
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Now the metadata information will only be parsed once and stored in the cache driver.

Clearing the Cache

We've already shown you how you can use the API of the cache drivers to manually delete cache entries. For your convenience we offer command line tasks to help you with clearing the query, result and metadata cache.

From the Doctrine command line you can run the following commands:

To clear the query cache use the orm:clear-cache:query task.

1 $ ./doctrine orm:clear-cache:query

To clear the metadata cache use the orm:clear-cache:metadata task.

1 $ ./doctrine orm:clear-cache:metadata

To clear the result cache use the orm:clear-cache:result task.

1 $ ./doctrine orm:clear-cache:result

All these tasks accept a --flush option to flush the entire contents of the cache instead of invalidating the entries.

None of these tasks will work with APC, APCu, or XCache drivers because the memory that the cache is stored in is only accessible to the webserver.

Cache Chaining

A common pattern is to use a static cache to store data that is requested many times in a single PHP request. Even though this data may be stored in a fast memory cache, often that cache is over a network link leading to sizable network traffic.

A chain cache class allows multiple caches to be registered at once. For example, a per-request array cache can be used first, followed by a (relatively) slower Memcached cache if the array cache misses. The chain cache automatically handles pushing data up to faster caches in the chain and clearing data in the entire stack when it is deleted.

Symfony Cache provides such a chain cache. To find out how to use it, please have a look at the Symfony Documentation.

Cache Slams

Something to be careful of when using the cache drivers is "cache slams". Imagine you have a heavily trafficked website with some code that checks for the existence of a cache record and if it does not exist it generates the information and saves it to the cache. Now, if 100 requests were issued all at the same time and each one sees the cache does not exist and they all try to insert the same cache entry it could lock up APC, Xcache, etc. and cause problems. Ways exist to work around this, like pre-populating your cache and not letting your users' requests populate the cache.

You can read more about cache slams in this blog post.

Caching

Types of Caches

Query Cache